In Australia, regardless of when the election is held, the Senate ( upper house) sits from July 1 following the election to June 30 six years later, while the newly elected members of the House of Representatives ( lower house) take their seats soon after an election. could be justly obnoxious to the charge of being a receptacle of 'lame ducks' or broken down politicians." Examples Australia The first known recorded use is in the Congressional Globe (then the official record of the United States Congress) of January 14, 1863: "In no event. The term was transferred to politicians in the 19th century. In the literal sense, the term refers to a duck which is unable to keep up with its flock, making it a target for predators. In 1791, Mary Berry wrote of the Duchess of Devonshire's loss of £50,000 in stocks, "the conversation of the town" that her name was to be "posted up as a lame duck". The first known mention of the term in writing was made by Horace Walpole, from a letter in 1761 to Sir Horace Mann: "Do you know what a Bull and a Bear and Lame Duck are?" The phrase "lame duck" was coined in the 18th century at the London Stock Exchange, to refer to a stockbroker who defaulted on his debts. In many countries, toward the facilitation of a smooth transition, an outgoing president accepts advice from and consults with the president-elect. In more recent history, US President Bill Clinton was widely criticized for issuing 140 pardons and other acts of executive clemency on his last day in office, including two former close colleagues, donors, fellow Democratic members, and his own half-brother. Such actions date back to the Judiciary Act of 1801 ("Midnight Judges Act"), in which Federalist President John Adams and the outgoing 6th Congress amended the Judiciary Act to create more federal judge seats for Adams to appoint and the Senate to confirm before the Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated and the Democratic-Republican majority 7th Congress convened. Examples include last-minute midnight regulations issued by executive agencies of outgoing US presidential administrations and executive orders issued by outgoing presidents. Since lame ducks do not face consequences of their actions in an upcoming election, they have greater freedom to issue unpopular decisions or appointments.
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